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Operation Christmas
Operation Christmas was a campaign launched by the Colombian military during the Christmas season to encourage FARC guerrillas to demobilize.〔(Propaganda that works: Christmas decorations )〕 The military selected nine 75-foot trees along paths the insurgents used and decorated them with Christmas lights and a message encouraging them to come home. The operation was deemed a success; 331 guerrillas demobilized while the campaign was active, a 30% increase from the previous year.〔 It was followed by Operation Rivers of Light, where civilians close to the conflict areas as well as friends and relatives of guerrillas were encouraged to send a Christmas letter in floating LED-illuminated balls via rivers used by the insurgents. 180 guerrillas demobilized during the campaign's duration, including one of FARC's main bomb makers.〔(Colombian Ad Agency Wants to Light a Path to FARC Demobilization for Christmas )〕
==Background==
Colombia has been involved in a low-intensity insurgency since 1964 with paramilitary groups and guerrillas, mainly The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Since the early 1980s, the government has been engaged in sporadic peace talks, convincing such groups as the EPL and the EPR to demobilize. In 2002, the government launched the Program of Humanitarian Attention to the Demobilised with a promise to reintegrate former guerrillas by supporting them with education, job training, and psychological support. Colombia's National Ministry of Defence worked with an advertising agency to research the lives of former guerrillas and to understand why they had joined FARC and what the conditions were like in the jungle. Early campaigns began with radio and television advertisements featuring former insurgents appealing to others to turn themselves in. These programs succeeded in convincing many to surrender, but rates eventually slowed when only the more entrenched remained. FARC commanders also began restricting radio access.〔(Operation Christmas and Rivers of Light )〕
Christmas had always been a big time for demobilizations so the campaign's next step was focused on that emotional period. Nine 75-foot trees were selected that were adjacent to paths identified by the military as frequently used by the guerrillas. The Colombian military agreed not to use the campaign as an opportunity to attack insurgents while it was active. The trees were decorated with Christmas lights and a motion sensor that activated them when someone walked nearby. A banner next to them said,
"If Christmas can come to the jungle, you too can come home. Demobilize. At Christmas, everything is possible."
Once the trees were revealed, they attracted international attention.〔〔(Colombian military's new weapon against rebels: Christmas trees )〕〔(Colombia army erects Christmas tree in rebel-held region )〕 The operation was credited for the demobilization for 331 rebels that year, a 30% increase from the previous year.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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